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1.
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1058888

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE To evaluate the attributes of Primary Health Care (PHC) for rural workers; to analyze sociodemographic conditions, history of poisoning and hospitalizations for pesticides and use of personal protective equipment; and to verify exposure to pesticides by determining bioindicators. METHODS Cross-sectional, descriptive-analytical study with a sample of 1,027 rural workers living in municipalities belonging to a regional health department in Southern Minas Gerais, whose PHC is governed by the Family Health Strategy model. We used the adult version of the Primary Care Assessment Tool (PCATool Brazil) and a structured questionnaire to collect socioeconomic data, history of poisoning and hospitalization for pesticides and use of personal protective equipment. Blood samples were collected to measure biomarkers of pesticide exposure and signs of renal and hepatic sequelae. RESULTS Low education was prevalent, as well as the intense contact of workers with pesticides. Frequent use of personal protective equipment was higher among men, as was the history of poisoning and hospitalizations for pesticides. Rates of 20% poisoning, 15% liver disease and 2% nephropathy were detected. Signs of hepatotoxicity were more frequent in men. Gender differences were all statistically significant. Regarding PHC, only the attribute "degree of affiliation" had a high score. None of the poisoning cases detected in the study were previously diagnosed. CONCLUSIONS Despite the high coverage of the Family Health Strategy, occupational risk and its consequences have not been detected by health services, which do not seem oriented to primary care, even lacking their essential attributes. There is a need for immediate and effective adaptation of public policies regarding the health of rural workers, with adequate training of teams and review of the portfolio of PHC services offered.


ABSTRACT OBJETIVO Avaliar os atributos da atenção primária à saúde (APS) na assistência à saúde de trabalhadores rurais; analisar condições sociodemográficas, histórico de intoxicação e internações por agrotóxicos e uso de equipamentos de proteção individual; e verificar a exposição aos praguicidas pela determinação de bioindicadores. MÉTODOS Estudo transversal, descritivo-analítico, com amostra de 1.027 trabalhadores rurais residentes em municípios pertencentes a uma superintendência regional de saúde do sul de Minas Gerais, cuja APS é regida pelo modelo da Estratégia Saúde da Família. Utilizou-se o Instrumento de Avaliação da Atenção Primária (PCATool Brasil) versão adulto e um questionário estruturado para coleta de dados socioeconômicos, histórico de intoxicação e internação por agrotóxicos e uso de equipamentos de proteção individual. Foram coletadas amostras sanguíneas para dosagem de biomarcadores de exposição a praguicidas e de sinais de sequelas renais e hepáticas. RESULTADOS A baixa escolaridade foi prevalente, bem como o contato intenso dos trabalhadores com praguicidas. O uso frequente de equipamentos de proteção individual foi maior entre os homens, assim como o histórico de intoxicação e de internações por agrotóxicos. Detectaram-se índices de 20% de intoxicação, 15% de hepatopatia e 2% de nefropatia. Os sinais de hepatotoxicidade foram mais frequentes em homens. As diferenças entre sexos foram todas estatisticamente significantes. Com relação à APS, apenas o atributo "grau de afiliação" apresentou escore elevado. Nenhum dos casos de intoxicação detectados no estudo tinha diagnóstico prévio. CONCLUSÕES A despeito de uma alta cobertura da Estratégia Saúde da Família, o risco ocupacional e suas consequências não têm sido detectados pelos serviços de saúde, que se apresentam como não orientados à atenção primária, carecendo mesmo de seus atributos essenciais. Percebe-se a necessidade de adequação imediata e efetiva das políticas públicas no que concerne à saúde do trabalhador rural, com adequada capacitação das equipes e revisão da carteira de serviços da APS ofertados.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Pesticides/toxicity , Primary Health Care/statistics & numerical data , Occupational Exposure/statistics & numerical data , Agricultural Workers' Diseases/chemically induced , Rural Population , Socioeconomic Factors , Brazil/epidemiology , Rural Health , Family Health , Cross-Sectional Studies , Surveys and Questionnaires , Risk Factors , Occupational Exposure/adverse effects , Agricultural Workers' Diseases/epidemiology , Personal Protective Equipment , Insecticides/poisoning , Middle Aged
2.
Arq. neuropsiquiatr ; 75(9): 614-619, Sept. 2017. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-888332

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT The link between various air pollutants and hospitalization for epilepsy has come under scrutiny. We have proposed that exposure to air pollution and specifically the pervasive agricultural air pollutant and greenhouse gas, nitrous oxide (N2O), may provoke susceptibility to neurodevelopmental disorders. Evidence supports a role of N2O exposure in reducing epileptiform seizure activity, while withdrawal from the drug has been shown to induce seizure-like activity. Therefore, we show here that the statewide use of anthropogenic nitrogen fertilizers (the most recognized causal contributor to environmental N2O burden) is significantly negatively associated with hospitalization for epilepsy in all three pre-specified hospitalization categories, even after multiple pollutant comparison correction (p<.007), while the other identified pollutants were not consistently statistically significantly associated with hospitalization for epilepsy. We discuss potential neurological mechanisms underpinning this association between air pollutants associated with farm use of anthropogenic nitrogen fertilizers and hospitalization for epilepsy.


RESUMO A ligação entre vários poluentes do ar e a hospitalização por epilepsia tem sido examinada. Propusemos que a exposição à poluição do ar, especificamente ao poluente atmosférico generalizado e ao gás de efeito estufa, o óxido nitroso (N2O), poderiam fomentar a susceptibilidade a distúrbios do desenvolvimento neurológico. A evidência apoia o papel da exposição ao N2O na redução da atividade convulsiva epileptiforme, enquanto mostra que a retirada do fármaco induz atividade pseudo-convulsiva. Portanto, mostramos aqui que o uso a nível estatal de fertilizantes nitrogenados antropogênicos (o agente causal mais reconhecido para a carga ambiental de N2O) está significativa e negativamente associado à hospitalização por epilepsia nas três categorias de hospitalização pré-especificadas, mesmo após a correção de comparação de poluentes múltiplos (p <0,007 ), enquanto os outros poluentes identificados não foram consistentemente associados de forma estatística com a hospitalização por epilepsia. Discutimos possíveis mecanismos neurológicos subjacentes a esta associação entre poluentes atmosféricos associados ao uso agrícola de fertilizantes nitrogenados antropogênicos, e hospitalização por epilepsia.


Subject(s)
Humans , Agricultural Workers' Diseases/chemically induced , Air Pollutants/adverse effects , Air Pollutants/toxicity , Epilepsy/chemically induced , Fertilizers/toxicity , Hospitalization/statistics & numerical data , Poisson Distribution , Agricultural Workers' Diseases/epidemiology , Air Pollutants/classification , Air Pollution/statistics & numerical data , Epilepsy/epidemiology , Nitrous Oxide/toxicity
3.
Braz. j. med. biol. res ; 48(7): 650-653, 07/2015. graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-751343

ABSTRACT

As it is a common observation that obesity tends to occur after discontinuation of exercise, we investigated how white adipocytes isolated from the periepididymal fat of animals with interrupted physical training transport and oxidize glucose, and whether these adaptations support the weight regain seen after 4 weeks of physical detraining. Male Wistar rats (45 days old, weighing 200 g) were divided into two groups (n=10): group D (detrained), trained for 8 weeks and detrained for 4 weeks; and group S (sedentary). The physical exercise was carried out on a treadmill for 60 min/day, 5 days/week for 8 weeks, at 50-60% of the maximum running capacity. After the training protocol, adipocytes isolated from the periepididymal adipose tissue were submitted to glucose uptake and oxidation tests. Adipocytes from detrained animals increased their glucose uptake capacity by 18.5% compared with those from sedentary animals (P<0.05). The same cells also showed a greater glucose oxidation capacity in response to insulin stimulation (34.55%) compared with those from the S group (P<0.05). We hypothesize that, owing to the more intense glucose entrance into adipose cells from detrained rats, more substrate became available for triacylglycerol synthesis. Furthermore, this increased glucose oxidation rate allowed an increase in energy supply for triacylglycerol synthesis. Thus, physical detraining might play a role as a possible obesogenic factor for increasing glucose uptake and oxidation by adipocytes.


Subject(s)
Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Agricultural Workers' Diseases/chemically induced , Occupational Exposure/adverse effects , Parkinson Disease, Secondary/chemically induced , Pesticides/toxicity , California , Case-Control Studies , Models, Statistical , Occupational Exposure/statistics & numerical data , Propensity Score , Risk Factors
4.
Rev. saúde pública ; 47(3): 598-606, jun. 2013. tab, graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-690821

ABSTRACT

OBJETIVO: Estimar o coeficiente de mortalidade por intoxicações ocupacionais relacionadas aos agrotóxicos no Brasil. MÉTODOS: Utilizaram-se dados do Sistema de Informações sobre Mortalidade de 2000 a 2009 referentes aos diagnósticos de intoxicação por agrotóxicos, T60.0-T60.4, T60.8 e T60.9, X48, Y18, e Z578 da CID-10, para a causa básica ou associadas; a natureza ocupacional foi identificada pelo registro no campo <acidente de trabalho>, <circunstância do óbito> e se a <ocupação> era na agropecuária. Foram excluídos homicídios e suicídios. Para cálculo da mortalidade, o número de trabalhadores da agropecuária foi obtido do Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística, projeções do Sistema de Contas Nacionais. RESULTADOS: Foram encontrados registros de 2.052 óbitos por intoxicação por agrotóxicos no Brasil, dos quais 36,2% (n = 743) não continham dados sobre a ocupação. Dentre os 1.309 restantes, 679 (51,9%) eram trabalhadores da agropecuária. A mortalidade por intoxicação ocupacional por agrotóxicos caiu de 0,56/100.000 (2000 a 2001) para 0,39/100.000 (2008 a 2009) entre trabalhadores no período, maior queda entre os homens que entre as mulheres. Os homens tiveram maiores estimativas de mortalidade por esse tipo de intoxicação em todos os anos. A maior parte dos óbitos foi causada por agrotóxicos do tipo organofosforados e carbamatos. O número de óbitos por esse tipo de intoxicação declinou em todas as regiões, exceto no Nordeste. CONCLUSÕES: É necessária a melhoria dos registros das declarações de óbito, em especial da ocupação e da relação dos diagnósticos com o trabalho, fundamentais para o controle e prevenção ...


OBJETIVO: Estimar el coeficiente de mortalidad por intoxicaciones ocupacionales relacionadas con agrotóxicos en Brasil MÉTODOS: Se utilizaron datos del Sistema de Informaciones sobre Mortalidad de 2000 a 2009 sobre los diagnósticos de intoxicación por agrotóxicos, T60.0-T60.4, T60.8 y T60.9, X48, Y18, y Z578 de la CID-10, para la causa básica o asociadas; la naturaleza ocupacional fue identificada por el registro en el campo [accidente en el trabajo], [circunstancia de óbito] y si la [ocupación] era en agropecuaria. Se excluyeron homicidios y suicidios. Para el cálculo de mortalidad, el número de trabajadores de la agropecuaria fue obtenido del Instituto Brasileño de Geografía y Estadística, proyecciones del Sistema de Cuentas Nacionales. RESULTADOS: Se encontraron registros de 2.052 óbitos por intoxicación por agrotóxicos en Brasil, de los cuales 36,2% (n=743) de los registros contenían datos sobre ocupación. Entre los 1.309 restantes, 679 (51,9% eran trabajadores de la agropecuaria). La mortalidad por intoxicación ocupacional por agrotóxicos cayó de 0,56/100.000 (2000 a 2001) a 0,39/100.000 (2008 a 2009) entre trabajadores en el período, mayor disminución entre hombres que entre las mujeres. Los hombres tuvieron mayores estimaciones de mortalidad por ese tipo de intoxicación en todos los años. La mayor parte de los óbitos fue causada por agrotóxicos de tipo organofosforados y carbamatos. El número de óbitos por este tipo de intoxicación declinó en todas las regiones, excepto en el Noreste. CONCLUSIONES: Es necesario mejorar los registros de las declaraciones de óbito, en especial, de la ocupación y de la relación de los diagnósticos con el trabajo, fundamentales para el control y prevención más adecuados para estos accidentes de trabajo. ...


OBJECTIVE: To estimate the mortality rate due to occupational pesticide poisoning in Brazil. METHODS: Data on diagnoses of death from pesticide poisoning between 2000 and 2009 were obtained from the Mortality Information System. ICD-10 codes T60.0-T60.4, T60.8 and T60.9, Y18, X487 and Z578 as the main or secondary cause of death; data on work-related deaths were obtained from the death certificate, from the fields <work related accident>, <circumstances of death> and whether cases were agricultural workers. Homicides and suicides were excluded. To calculate mortality, the number of agricultural workers was obtained from the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics, National System of Accounts estimates. RESULTS: There were 2,052 deaths recorded as caused by pesticide poisoning in Brazil, between 2000 and 2009, of which 36.2% (n = 743) had no occupation data. Of the remaining 1,309, 679 (51.9%) were agricultural workers. Mortality from occupational pesticide poisoning declined from 0.56/100.000 (2000-2001) to 0.39/100.000 (2008-2009) workers during the study period, and there was a larger decrease among men compared with women. Males had a higher mortality from this type of poisoning than women in all study years. Most deaths were caused by organophosphates and carbamate pesticides poisoning. During the study period the number of cases declined in all regions, except for the Northeast. CONCLUSIONS: Improvement in the quality of Death Certificate records is needed, particularly for occupation and the assessment of causes of death as work related, crucial for work injuries control and prevention programs. Special attention is required in the Northeast region. .


Subject(s)
Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Young Adult , Agricultural Workers' Diseases/mortality , Occupational Exposure/statistics & numerical data , Pesticides/poisoning , Agricultural Workers' Diseases/chemically induced , Agricultural Workers' Diseases/diagnosis , Brazil/epidemiology , Carbamates/poisoning , Information Systems , Occupational Exposure/adverse effects , Organophosphate Poisoning/mortality , Sex Distribution , Survival Rate
6.
J. Soc. Bras. Fonoaudiol ; 24(2): 174-180, 2012. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-643061

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: The objective of this research was to assess the ordering and temporal resolution auditory abilities in rural workers exposed to pesticides and compare them with laborers exposure index. METHODS: A sectional study assessed 33 individuals of both genders, aged 18-59 years, who were exposed to pesticides during their daily routine. The procedures were: questionnaire, meatoscopy, basic audiological evaluation and Temporal Auditory Processing tests: pattern test duration and Gaps-in-Noise. In order to analyse the results, a variable called 'index of exposure' was set up through a simple sum of variables present in the questionnaire. The tests' results on Temporal Auditory Processing were categorized according to the tercis of distribution, based on the results observed - in this study, tertile 1, tertile 2, and tertile 3 - and then compared with the exposure index. RESULTS: Difference was verified in all tertiles, with a dose-response relationship, i.e. increased average exposure was associated to worse performance on pattern test duration (p=0.001) and Gaps-in-Noise (p=0.001) in all tertiles. The highest correlation was observed between tertiles 3 and 1. CONCLUSION: Workers exposed to pesticide performed bellow average on Temporal Auditory Processing tests. There was association between the index of exposure to pesticides and worse performance in Temporal Auditory Processing tests, suggesting that the pesticides may be harmful to central auditory pathways.


OBJETIVO: Investigar as habilidades auditivas de ordenação e resolução temporal, em trabalhadores rurais expostos ocupacionalmente a agrotóxicos, e correlacionar estes resultados com o grau de exposição dos laboriosos a estas substâncias. MÉTODOS: Foi realizado um estudo seccional, por meio da avaliação de 33 indivíduos de ambos os gêneros, com idades entre 18 e 59 anos, expostos ocupacionalmente a agrotóxicos. Aplicou-se os seguintes procedimentos: questionário, meatoscopia, audiometria, imitanciometria e testes do Processamento Auditivo Temporal: Teste de Padrão de Duração e Gaps-in-Noise. Para análise dos resultados criou-se uma variável denominada índice de exposição, por meio de um somatório de variáveis presentes no questionário. Os resultados dos testes de Processamento Auditivo Temporal aplicados foram categorizados segundo os tercis de distribuição, de acordo com o resultado observado - sendo neste estudo denominado de Tercil 1, Tercil 2 e Tercil 3 - e então, comparado com o índice de exposição. RESULTADOS: Verificou-se diferença em todos os tercis, havendo relação dose-resposta: conforme foi aumentada a média de exposição, pior foi o desempenho no Teste de Padrão de Duração (p=0,001) e no Gaps-in-Noise (p=0,001), em todos os tercis. A maior correlação foi observada entre o Tercil 3 e o Tercil 1. CONCLUSÃO: Os trabalhadores expostos ao agrotóxico apresentaram desempenho inferior ao esperado para os padrões de normalidade nos testes de Processamento Auditivo Temporal. Houve associação entre o índice de exposição a agrotóxico e pior desempenho nos testes de Processamento Auditivo Temporal, sugerindo que o agrotóxico pode ser uma substância nociva às vias auditivas centrais.


Subject(s)
Adolescent , Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Young Adult , Agricultural Workers' Diseases/chemically induced , Auditory Perceptual Disorders/chemically induced , Occupational Exposure/adverse effects , Pesticides/toxicity , Acoustic Stimulation , Agricultural Workers' Diseases/diagnosis , Auditory Perceptual Disorders/diagnosis , Auditory Threshold/drug effects , Cross-Sectional Studies , Rural Population
7.
Rev. chil. salud pública ; 16(2): 96-106, 2012. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-712363

ABSTRACT

Objetivo: describir los posibles efectos adversos en salud y medio ambiente por el uso de plaguicidas en zonas productoras de Colombia e implementar las buenas prácticas agrícolas (BPA) en el cultivo de tomate. Material y método: se realizó un estudio descriptivo en el municipio de La Merced-Caldas con tres fases: una de diagnóstico, donde se seleccionaron 132 trabajadores del sector agrícola y se recolectaron muestras biológicas y ambientales. Una segunda fase de intervención en la cual se incluyeron 5 parcelas, en estas se implementaron las (BPA) y una fase de evaluación de estas parcelas. Se llevó a cabo análisis simple de las variables y se exploraron posibles asociaciones. Resultados: el tiempo de exposición a plaguicidas en promedio fue de nueve años. Con mayor frecuencia el sistema nervioso central (95,5 por ciento) fue el más afectado; seguido por órganos de los sentidos (46,2 por ciento); sistema digestivo (33,3 por ciento ); piel (21,2 por ciento) y otros (19,7 por ciento). Se encontraron niveles de organoclorados en el 97,0 por ciento (128), inhibición de la enzima acetilcolinesterasa en el 34,1 por ciento (45) de los participantes y ningún nivel del metabolito etilentiourea. En las muestras ambientales se hallaron niveles de organofosforados en tomate y suelo. En el agua y lodo se detectaron niveles de organoclorados. La producción de tomate, mostró una diferencia estadísticamente significativa entre las parcelas con BPA y las tradicionales (p=0,020). Conclusiones: se evidenciaron los riesgos por uso de plaguicidas y la necesidad de fortalecer la vigilancia sobre los potenciales efectos para la salud que pueden producir los plaguicidas y mediante el empleo de las BPA.


Objective: Describe the possible adverse effects on population health and environment due to pesticide use in agricultural zones in Colombia, and implement the best agricultural practices (BAP) in tomato production. Materials and methods: A descript intoxicative study was carried out in the municipality of Merced-Caldas, consisting in three phases: a diagnostic phase, in which environmental and biological samples were collected, using a sample of 132 agricultural workers. In a second phase, BAP were implemented, and in the third phase, the results were evaluated. A univariate analysis was completed and posible associations were explored. Results: Average length of exposure to pesticides was 9 years. The central nervous system was the most affected (95.5 percent), followed by sensory organs (46.2 percent ), the digestive system (33.3 percent ), skin (21.2 percent) and others (19.7 percent). Organoclorides were found in 97.0 percent (128), inhibition of acetylcholinesterase enzyme was found in 43.1 percent (45); no metabolite ethylenethiourea was found. In the environmental samples, presence of organophosphates was found in tomatoes and soil. In water and mud samples, organochlorides were found. There was a statistically significant difference between BPA farms and traditional farms. (p=0,020). Conclusions: Risks due to pesticide use were demonstrated, and the need to strengthen vigilance on the potential effects of pesticide use.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Adult , Female , Agricultural Workers' Diseases/chemically induced , Environmental Exposure/adverse effects , Solanum lycopersicum , Pesticides/toxicity , Crop Production , Colombia , Cross-Sectional Studies , Epidemiology, Descriptive , Agricultural Workers' Diseases/blood , Digestive System Diseases/chemically induced , Central Nervous System Diseases/chemically induced , Occupational Exposure/adverse effects , Insecticides, Organophosphate/adverse effects , Biomarkers/blood , Sense Organs , Risk Assessment , Time Factors
8.
J. Soc. Bras. Fonoaudiol ; 23(2): 102-106, 2011. graf, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-604444

ABSTRACT

OBJETIVO: Avaliar o processamento auditivo temporal em trabalhadores expostos ocupacionalmente a agrotóxicos organofosforados. MÉTODOS: Estudo descritivo transversal. Foram avaliados 43 trabalhadores rurais, de ambos os gêneros, expostos ao organofosforado, com limiares audiométricos normais bilateralmente. Os procedimentos realizados incluíram os seguintes itens: questionário sobre a história pessoal e laboral, período de exposição ao organofosforado, meatoscopia, e audiometria tonal liminar. Para avaliação do processamento auditivo temporal foram utilizados os seguintes testes: Teste de Padrão de Frequência, Teste de Padrão de Duração e Gaps-In-Noise. Além do desempenho, estudou-se a diferença entre as orelhas direita e esquerda no Gaps-In-Noise e a faixa de escolaridade em todos os testes. RESULTADOS: O desempenho da maior parte dos trabalhadores nos testes de processamento auditivo temporal foi inferior em relação aos padrões de normalidade. No teste Gaps-In-Noise, não houve diferença entre as orelhas (p=0,33). Em relação à escolaridade, não houve diferença em nenhum dos testes (Gaps-In-Noise: p=0,21 na orelha direita e p=0,053 na orelha esquerda; Teste de Padrão de Frequência: p=0,37; e Teste de Padrão de Duração: p=0,84). CONCLUSÃO: As habilidades auditivas de resolução temporal e ordenação temporal mostram-se comprometidas em indivíduos expostos ao organofosforado, mesmo estes apresentando audição periférica normal.


PURPOSE: To evaluate the auditory temporal processing in workers occupationally exposed to organophosphate pesticides. METHODS: Cross-sectionalstudy in which 43 rural workers of both genders with bilaterally normal auditory thresholds that were occupationally exposed to organophosphates were assessed. The procedures included the following items: questionnaire regarding personal and professional background, period of exposition to organophosphates, otoscopy, pure-tone audiometry. Auditory temporal processing was tested through: the Frequency Pattern Test, the Duration Pattern Test and the Gaps-In-Noise Test. Performance on the tests were analyzed, as well as differences between left and right ears on the Gaps-In-Noise Test, and education level in all tests. RESULTS: Ingreat part of the subjects, auditory temporal processing performance was below normal standards. There was no difference between ears on the Gaps-In-Noise Test (p=0.33). Additionally, no differences were found on any of the tests according to education level (Gaps-In-Noise: p=0.21 on the right ear, and p=0.053 on the left ear; Frequency Pattern Test: p=0.37; Duration Pattern Test: p=0.84). CONCLUSION: Temporal resolution and temporal order abilities were altered in individuals occupationally exposed to organophosphate pesticides, even when they showed normal peripheral auditory thresholds.


Subject(s)
Adolescent , Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Young Adult , Agricultural Workers' Diseases/chemically induced , Hearing Disorders/chemically induced , Occupational Exposure/adverse effects , Organophosphorus Compounds/toxicity , Acoustic Stimulation , Auditory Perception , Auditory Threshold , Cross-Sectional Studies , Rural Population
9.
Rev. bras. otorrinolaringol ; 74(6): 912-918, nov.-dez. 2008. tab
Article in English, Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-503636

ABSTRACT

A exposição ocupacional e ambiental aos agrotóxicos evidencia-se como um grave problema de Saúde Pública em nosso país. Entre os sintomas apresentados, a tonteira se destaca, em decorrência de uma provável ação tóxica. OBJETIVO: O objetivo do estudo é caracterizar os resultados do exame vestibular de trabalhadores rurais expostos ocupacionalmente e ambientalmente aos agrotóxicos organofosforados. MATERIAL E MÉTODO: Foi realizado um estudo de coorte com corte transversal em 18 trabalhadores rurais de Teresópolis, RJ. A faixa etária variou de 16 a 59 anos com uma média de 39,6 anos, sendo 5 trabalhadores do sexo masculino e 13 do sexo feminino. Foram utilizados três questionários com perguntas relacionadas à saúde geral e auditiva e perguntas específicas à tonteira e suas relações com o trabalho. Todos os trabalhadores passaram por uma avaliação clínica e realizaram os exames vectoeletronistagmografia e audiometria. RESULTADOS: Os resultados mostraram que 16 trabalhadores apresentaram alterações do equilíbrio corporal de tipo periférico irritativo e 7 trabalhadores apresentaram perdas auditivas do tipo neurossensorial, sugerindo que os agrotóxicos induzem alterações do sistema vestibular através de uma intoxicação lenta e silenciosa. CONCLUSÕES: O olhar clínico sobre esta população exposta a substâncias neuro-ototóxicas requer uma abordagem interdisciplinar, assegurando uma intervenção terapêutica e preventiva eficaz.


Occupational and environmental exposure to agricultural pesticides represent an important health care problem in our country. Among the symptoms presented, dizziness stands out, because of a probable toxic action. AIM: The goal of our study was to characterize vestibular test results from rural workers occupationally and environmentally exposed to organophosphates used in agricultural pesticides. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We carried out a cohort cross-sectional study with 18 rural workers from Teresópolis, RJ. Age ranged between 16 and 59 years, with a mean value of 39.6 years, 5 were males and 13 females. We used three questionnaires with questions associated with general and auditory health, and more specific questions about dizziness and its association with work. All workers underwent clinical evaluation, audiometry and vectoelectronystagmography. RESULTS: results showed that 16 workers had irritative peripheral body balance disorder and 7 workers had sensorineural hearing loss, thus suggesting that agricultural pesticides cause vestibular alterations through a slow and silent intoxication. CONCLUSIONS: medical care for this population exposed to neurotoxic substances require an interdisciplinary approach, to guarantee efficient preventive and therapeutic measures.


Subject(s)
Adolescent , Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Young Adult , Agricultural Workers' Diseases/chemically induced , Hearing Loss, Sensorineural/chemically induced , Organophosphorus Compounds/toxicity , Postural Balance/drug effects , Sensation Disorders/chemically induced , Audiometry , Agricultural Workers' Diseases/diagnosis , Cohort Studies , Cross-Sectional Studies , Electronystagmography , Hearing Loss, Sensorineural/diagnosis , Occupational Exposure , Sensation Disorders/diagnosis , Young Adult
10.
Cad. saúde pública ; 23(supl.4): S612-S621, 2007. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-467345

ABSTRACT

O uso de agrotóxicos na lavoura é uma realidade nacional, assim como é do tamanho de nosso país a dimensão dos problemas relacionados a este uso. Sua ampla e crescente utilização no processo de produção agropecuária, entre outras aplicações, tem gerado uma série de transtornos e modificações para o ambiente, seja através da contaminação das comunidades de seres vivos que o compõem, seja através da sua acumulação nos segmentos bióticos e abióticos dos ecossistemas (biota, água, ar, solo, sedimentos etc.). Também se apresenta como determinante de uma série de doenças e agravos à saúde das populações humanas. O presente trabalho discute algumas implicações do uso de agrotóxicos para a saúde humana e o ambiente da região serrana do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, importante pólo agrícola estadual. Para tanto, apresenta resultados de estudos realizados na região, apontando para os possíveis determinantes do quadro ora vigente na região e alguns dos principais desafios de superação do problema.


Pesticide use in agriculture is a nationwide phenomenon in Brazil, and the problem is proportional to this vast country. The widespread and growing use of pesticides for crops and cattle-raising, among other applications, has caused a number of environmental changes and problems, both by contaminating the communities of living beings that comprise the environment and by accumulating in the biotic and abiotic segments of ecosystems (biota, water, air, soil, sediments etc.). Pesticides also cause a number of diseases and health problems in human populations. The current article discusses several pesticide-related implications for human health and the environment in the mountainous region of the State of Rio de Janeiro, an important farming center. The article presents the results of research in the area, identifying possible determinants of the current situation and some of the main challenges for dealing with the problem.


Subject(s)
Animals , Cattle , Humans , Agriculture , Agricultural Workers' Diseases/chemically induced , Agrochemicals/toxicity , Environmental Exposure , Environmental Pollution/adverse effects , Occupational Health , Pesticides/toxicity , Agriculture/methods , Agrochemicals/analysis , Brazil , Crops, Agricultural , Food Contamination , Pesticides/analysis , Risk Assessment , Rural Health , Rural Population
11.
Rev. méd. Chile ; 132(7): 873-879, jul. 2004. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-366590

ABSTRACT

Several epidemiological studies link pesticide exposure to reproductive and developmental toxicity. However, additional studies have shown little or no evidence to support such relationship. On the other hand, experimental data show that some pesticides may indeed alter the reproductive function or produce birth defects (as evidenced by intrauterine death, in utero growth retardation, visceral and skeletal malformations or functional deficits) in laboratory animals. This review is a critical analysis of the epidemiological and experimental evidence available to date, that links pesticide exposure with induction of reproductive or developmental defects. Factors that must be considered when establishing a cause-effect relationship are also discussed, including the shape of the dose-response curve, exposure to pesticides in chemical mixtures and the influence of genetic background.


Subject(s)
Humans , Animals , Male , Female , Agricultural Workers' Diseases/epidemiology , Agricultural Workers' Diseases/chemically induced , Occupational Exposure , Pesticides/toxicity , Chile/epidemiology , Maternal Exposure/adverse effects , Paternal Exposure/adverse effects
12.
Rev. panam. salud pública ; 12(3): 202-206, sept. 2002. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-327416

ABSTRACT

Objetivos. El Salvador es un país con alta mortalidad por nefropatía terminal (NT). El objetivo de este estudio consistió en conocer las características epidemiológicas de una serie de nuevos casos de NT atendidos en un hospital de referencia de este país. Métodos. Se realizó un estudio transversal de todos los nuevos casos que iniciaron diálisis crónica entre noviembre de 1999 y marzo de 2000. Mediante una entrevista personal se obtuvieron datos sobre aspectos clínicos, demográficos, laborales y ambientales. Resultados. Durante los 5 meses que duró el estudio se observaron 205 nuevos casos de NT. Entre los 202 entrevistados, se diferenciaron claramente dos grupos: uno de 67 pacientes (33 por ciento) con factores de riesgo conocidos de NT, similares a los de países desarrollados (fundamentalmente, diabetes mellitus, hipertensión arterial y consumo crónico de antiinflamatorios no esteroideos), y otro de 135 pacientes (67 por ciento) con características peculiares, en los que no se pudo detectar ningún factor asociado. La mayoría de estos últimos pacientes eran hombres, agricultores, habitantes de zonas costeras o adyacentes a ríos, que años atrás habían estado expuestos, sin protección, a insecticidas o plaguicidas agrícolas por razones laborales. Conclusiones. Se ha identificado un importante grupo de pacientes con NT que aparentemente carecen de una causa para su enfermedad y que presentan características peculiares que permiten sospechar una relación con la exposición laboral a insecticidas o plaguicidas. Son necesarios nuevos estudios para confirmar esta hipótesis


Subject(s)
Adult , Aged , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Kidney Failure, Chronic/epidemiology , Age Factors , Agricultural Workers' Diseases/chemically induced , Cross-Sectional Studies , El Salvador/epidemiology , Hospitalization , Insecticides/adverse effects , Kidney Failure, Chronic/chemically induced , Kidney Failure, Chronic/etiology , Occupational Exposure , Occupations , Pesticides/adverse effects , Risk Factors , Sex Factors
13.
Rev. biol. trop ; 49(1): 1-8, Mar. 2001.
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-320106

ABSTRACT

Pesticides have been widely used in developing countries over the years. A large amount of these remains in the environment and organisms. Pesticide pollution is detrimental to human health. The effects can be seen on a short or a long-term basis and the symptoms can vary from headache to cancer. Only a minority of studies focuses on their genotoxic effect. This study assesses the genotoxic effect of the pesticides used at banana-packaging plants with binucleate micronuclei assay using cultured lymphocytes. The studied population included 32 exposed and 37 unexposed women from Costa Rica. There is no significant difference between the two groups. However, women who worked at the packaging plant and had stillbirths or spontaneous abortions were 1.45 times more (alpha = 0.06) likely to have an increased micronuclei frequency than their coworkers who lacked those disorders; this may indicate genetic susceptibility. In vitro pesticides studies and susceptibility biomarkers are needed to identify subgroups with higher risks.


Subject(s)
Adolescent , Adult , Female , Humans , Middle Aged , Occupational Exposure/adverse effects , Lymphocytes , Micronuclei, Chromosome-Defective , Pesticides , Agricultural Workers' Diseases/chemically induced , Agricultural Workers' Diseases/genetics , Logistic Models , Lymphocytes
14.
EMHJ-Eastern Mediterranean Health Journal. 1999; 5 (5): 960-966
in English | IMEMR | ID: emr-156688

ABSTRACT

We aimed to explore the relationship between chronic lymphocytic leukaemia and pesticide exposure among farm workers. Blood samples were obtained from 932 male Egyptian farm workers exposed to pesticides and from a control group of 932 males of similar age and socioeconomic status who were not involved in farming and did not normally deal with pesticides. The farm workers had significantly higher lymphocyte, white blood corpuscle and platelet counts. About 5% of the farm workers over 40 years had immature cells. Two of the farm workers and none of the control group had chronic lymphocytic leukaemia, giving an undefined relative risk and an attributable risk of 2.1 per 1000, which was not statistically significant


Subject(s)
Adult , Humans , Male , Agricultural Workers' Diseases/chemically induced , Case-Control Studies , Discriminant Analysis , Hemoglobins/analysis , Leukocyte Count , Lymphocyte Count , Occupational Exposure/adverse effects , Pesticides/adverse effects , Platelet Count , Risk Factors
15.
Ceylon Med J ; 1994 Jun; 39(2): 101-3
Article in English | IMSEAR | ID: sea-49081

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVES: 1. To determine the incidence and the prevalence of pesticide poisoning in Kelaniya Medical Officer of Health (MOH) area. 2. To establish causes of pesticide poisoning in the community. DESIGN: Questionnaire survey based on 10% cluster sample of agricultural workers. SETTING: Kelaniya MOH area situated 10 km north-east of Colombo, during April 1986 to May 1987. FUNDING: Natural Resources Energy and Science Authority of Sri Lanka. RESULTS: The percentage of pesticide users ever poisoned in the past was 21.7% and during the year before the study was 7.5%. CONCLUSION: Lack of knowledge on pesticides and inability to afford protective clothing are the major factors contributing to pesticide poisoning.


Subject(s)
Agricultural Workers' Diseases/chemically induced , Cluster Analysis , Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice , Humans , Incidence , Pesticides/poisoning , Prevalence , Protective Clothing , Sri Lanka/epidemiology
16.
Bol. Asoc. Méd. P. R ; 82(9): 419-22, Sept. 1990. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-96168

ABSTRACT

Organophosphate compounds insecticides are the most commonly associated with serious human toxicity. We reviewed the adult cases of organophosphate poisoning seen at HURRA from January 1986 to January 1990. We had 14 cases, all male patients. The most commonb mode of exposure was by ingestion in a suicidal attempt, (8/14 cases). The most common symptom observed was nausea (6/14 patients), and the most common sign was increased bronchial secretions (8/14 patients). Laboratory abnormalities were similar to those previously reported in the literatureÑ leukocytosis (10/14 cases), hyperglicemia (5/14 cases) and hypokalemia (4/14 cases). Patients were treated following accepted guidelines. None of our patients developed seizures nor ventricular arrhythmias. One of our patients developed respiratory failure and required mechanical ventilation. Two patients developed pneumonic processes, requiring intravenous antibiotic therapy. The hospital stay of these two patients was prolonged (7 and 10 days respectively). For the other 12 patients, the hopsital stay ranged from 2 to 4 days. We had no mortality in our series. We were able to obtain follow-up interview by telephone with 10 of the 14 patients and we did not find any history of symptoms of delayed clinical toxicity


Subject(s)
Humans , Adult , Male , Insecticides, Organophosphate/poisoning , Agricultural Workers' Diseases/epidemiology , Agricultural Workers' Diseases/chemically induced , Follow-Up Studies , Pneumonia/etiology , Poisoning/epidemiology , Poisoning/pathology , Puerto Rico/epidemiology , Respiratory Insufficiency/chemically induced , Suicide, Attempted/statistics & numerical data
19.
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